Dr. Walker has written some 90 scholarly articles, book chapters and encyclopedia entries on Black business history and entrepreneurship. Below are a collection of publications by Dr. Walker on Free Frank and New Philadelphia. 1976 “Free” Frank and New Philadelphia: Slave and Freedman, Frontiersman and Town Founder (Ph.D diss. University of Chicago, 1976) 1979 "Free Frank's New Philadelphia: A Black Town Founder on the Illinois- Mississippi River Valley Frontier," in H.W. Blakely, ed., 10th Dakota History Conference (Madison, S.D.: Dakota State College, 1979): 88-105. 1982 " Occupational Distribution of Frontier Towns in Pike County: An 1850 Census h Survey," Western Illinois Regional Studies 5, 2 (Fall 1982): 146-171. 1983 "Black Entrepreneurship: An Historical Inquiry," Essays in Economic and Business History, 1, (1983): 3 7-55. 1983 "Pioneer Slave Entrepreneurship on the Kentucky Pennyroyal Frontier," Journal of Negro History 68, 2 (Summer 1983): 289-308. 1983 "Legal Processes and Judicial Challenges: Black Land Ownership on the Western Illinois Frontier," Western Illinois Regional Studies 6, 2 (Fall 1983): 22-38. Reprinted, Paul Finkleman, ed., Race and Law Before Emancipation (Hamden, CT: Garland Publishers, 1991). 1983 "Entrepreneurial Ventures in the Origin of Agricultural Towns in Nineteenth Century Illinois," llinois Historical Journal 78, 1 (Spring 1983): 289-303. 1983 "The Legal Status of Free Blacks in Early Kentucky, 1792-1825," The Filson Club History Quarterly 57 (October 1983): 383-395. Reprinted, Paul Finkleman, ed. , Race and Law Before Emancipation (Hamden, CT: Garland ublishers,1991). 1983 Free Frank : A Black Pioneer on the Antebellum Frontier (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky , 1983) 1986 "Racism, Slavery, Free Enterprise: Black Entrepreneurship in the United States before the Civil War," [Harvard ] Business History Review 60, 3 (Autumn 1986): 343-382. 1988 "Slave Entrepreneurs," in Dictionary of Afro-American Slavery, Randall G. Miller and John David Smith, eds. (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1988), 220-222 1989 "Whither Liberty, Legality, or Equality: Slavery, Race, Property and the 1787 American Constitution," New York Law School Journal of Human Rights 6, 2(Spring 1989) 299-352 1995 Free Frank : A Black Pioneer on the Antebellum Frontier (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky paperback ed., 1995) 1996 "Entrepreneurs," Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History, Jack Salzman, David Lionel Smith and Cornel West, eds., Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History , (New York: Simon & Schuster Macmillan, 1996), 896-908. 1997 "Promoting Black Entrepreneurship and Business Enterprise in Antebellum America: The National Negro Convention, 1830-1855," in Thomas D. Boston, ed., A Different Vision: Race and Public Policy (London: Routledge Press, 1997), 280-318 1998 The History of Black Business in America: Capitalism, Race, Entrepreneurship (New York/London: Macmillan/Prentice Hall International, 1998) 2001 "Constructing A Historiography of African American Business" in Arvarah E. Strickland and Robert E. Weems, The African American Experience: An Historical and Bibliographical Guide and Historiography (Westport CT: Greenwood Press, 2000), 278-314. .     For a full list of Professor Walker's publications, see her CV at: http://www.utexas.edu/research/centerblackbusiness/vitae.htm Also see, Juliet E. Walker, ed., Encyclopedia of African American Business History (Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999), 377-79. MCWORTER, FREE FRANK (1777-1854), Kentucky, Illinois, slave entrepreneur, saltpeter manufactury, frontier land speculator, commercial farmer, town founder. The life of Free Frank, a Black pioneer is very unique. He participated in the development of three successive frontiers in the period between the Revolutionary War and the Civil War, Free Frank McWorter was one of the nation's unknown entrepreneurs and his business activities offer a new frame of reference for our understanding not only of the history of blacks in business, but also the African-American participation in the development of America's frontiers. Free Frank was born a slave in Union County, South Carolina Union County.. His mother was the West-African born Juda, his slave owner was his father, Scotch-Irish George McWhorter. His owner-father moved to Kentucky in 1795. By 1810 Free Frank began hiring his own time* During the War of 1812, Free Frank became a slave entrepreneur. He established an extractive mining operation and manufactory for the production of saltpeter from crude niter. Profits remaining, after paying his owner for allowing him to hire his own time, enabled Free Frank to purchase his wife's freedom in 1817 and then himself, two years later in 1819. After purchasing his own freedom Free Frank the pioneer entrepreneur's repertoire of business pursuits included frontier land speculator, commercial farmers, stock raiser, town founder, and town developer. Free Frank left Pulaski County Kentucky in September, 1830 for Illinois. He was able to settle in the state legally because he purchased land before he left. Without capital, free Blacks were required by Illinois law to post a $1,000 bond to settle in the state. In 1836, Free Frank founded the town of New Philadelphia, thus becoming the first African American town founder. His purpose was clear. The money obtained from the sale of town lots would be used to buy his family from slavery in addition to his profits from commercial farming and cattle raising. In addition to selling town lots and encouraging town business, the most significant activity in which Free Frank was involved in promoting and development of New Philadelphia at this time was his plan to build a private school which would also serve as a church. It was to be called the Free Will Baptist Seminary. The Free Frank family remained constantly prepared to provide aid to the escaped slaves. In a span of forty years, with money earned from his business activities on the frontier, Free Frank purchase sixteen family members, including himself, from slavery with a total cost of some $15,000, which he made from his diverse business enterprises. In l988, Free Frank's Grave Site was entered into the National Register of Historic Places. In Illinois, only three graves are listed on the National Register, the other two being President Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas. In 1990, the significance of Free Frank's entrepreneurial activities, especially the founding of New Philadelphia, also won recognition in the Congressional Record and the Illinois General Assembly. Despite those honors few Americans, black or white, are aware of Free Frank's New Philadelphia, the black presence on the Old Northwest Frontier or the historic tradition of Black entrepreneurship, business participation in the period before the Civil War. SUGGESTED BIBLIOGRAPHY George C. Fraser,. Success Runs In Our Race: The Complete Guide to Effective Networking in the African-American Community (New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc. 1994); Benjamin Quarles, Black Abolitionists (New York: University Press, 1969); Juliet E.K. Walker, Free Frank: A Black Pioneer on the Antebellum Frontier ( Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1983; paper ed, 1995). By Jeffrey E. Walker, President, Free Frank New Philadelphia Historic Preservation Foundation BIBLIOGRAPHIC LISTING OF PRIMARY SOURCES USED TO RECONSTRUCT AND DOCUMENT THE HISTORY OF FREE FRANK AND THE TOWN HE FOUNDED, NEW PHILADELPHIA, ILLINOIS IN 1836. See, "Bibliographic Note," in Free Frank and New Philadelphia (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1983, 1995), 208-214. James, scan 208-214 SEE ENDNOTE LISTING FROM EACH CHAPTER OF SOURCES USED TO DOCUMENT THE HISTORY OF FREE FRANK AND THE TOWN HE FOUNDED, NEW PHILADELPHIA, ILLINOIS IN 1836. j James, also scan pages 210-214 for the website 1989 "Whither Liberty, Legality, or Equality: Slavery, Race, Property and the 1787 American Constitution," New York Law School Journal of Human Rights 6, 2(Spring 1989) 299-352 :Also, scan endnotes, pp 175-206